DHCP- (Dynamc host configuration protocol)
Features:-
1- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol that automatically assigns TCP/IP information to client machines.
2- Each DHCP client connects to the centrally located DHCP server, which returns the network configuration (including the IP address, gateway, and DNS servers) of that client.
3- DHCP is also useful if you want to change the IP addresses of a large number of systems.
4- Includes all sorts of setting: IPv4, IPv6, DNS, NTP, NIS, Etc.
5- DHCP is an UDP application (UDP:67)
Package- dhcp
Port- 67
Daemon- dhcpd
Script- /etc/init.d/dhcpd
Conf File- /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
Configure DHCP Server-
Step-1 Set Static IP address in dhcp server
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
IP Address- 192.168.0.254
NetMask- 255.255.255.0
Broadcast Address- 255.255.0.255
# ifconfig eth0
Step-2 Install dhcp Package
# yum install dhcp -y
Step-3 Check dhcp Documentation File
# rpm -ql dhcp
/etc/dhcp (Container for DHCPD Configuration)
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf (IPv4 Config)
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf (IPv4 Config)
/var/lib/dhcpd (Container for leases)
/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases (IPv4 leases)
/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd6.leases (IPv6 leases)
Step-4 Configure '/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf' file
# cd /etc/dhcp/
# ls
dhclient.d dhcpd6.conf dhcpd.conf
# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
__________________________________________________________
#
# DHCP server configuration file.
# see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample
# See 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'
#
__________________________________________________________
Now Copy '/dhcpd.conf.sample' file to '/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf'
# cp -rvf /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
Again open '/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf' file
# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
__________________________________________________________
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "ashu.com"; ##--> Change Domain Name
option domain-name-servers server.ashu.com;##--> Change Domain Name Server
# define lease line
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
authoritative; ##---> Uncoment this line
# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local6;
##--> Note- After DHCPD to log using a different Facility: i.e. 'local6' Because boot message are logged via: 'local7'
##--> Checklog file' # vim /etc/rssyslog.conf
##--> and mentation 'local6.* /var/log/dhcpd.log'
##--> Save boot messages also to boot.log
##--> local7.* /var/log/boot.log
##--> local6.* /var/log/dhcpd.log
#This is a very basic subnet declaration.
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { ##---> Define Your Subnen mask and netmak,
range 192.168.0.10 192.168.0.50; ##---> Define dhcp provide ip Range
#option routers rtr-239-0-1.example.org, rtr-239-0-2.example.org;
}
##--> Note- And Coment all line..
#
#
#
#
#
:wq!
__________________________________________________________
Step-5 Restart dhcp Service
# /etc/init.d/dhcpd restart;chkconfig dhcpd on
or
# service dhcpd restart
# chkconfig dhcpd on
Step-6 Check Dhcpd Status
# service dhcpd status
# chkconfig --list dhcpd
dhcpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
DHCP use to assign ip address automaticaly in the netwok system.
Client Side-
1- Remove Static IP Then run 'dhclient' and Check...
# dhclient
# ifconfig
Server Side-
How to Check dhcp lease log file...
# cat /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
__________________________________________________________
# There are show Client information
lease 192.168.0.10 {
starts 5 2014/03/17 12:07:56;
ends 5 2014/03/17 12:17:56;
tstp 5 2014/03/17 12:17:56;
cltt 5 2014/03/17 12:07:56;
binding state free;
hardware ethernet 00:0c:29:5d:1e:2c;
}
__________________________________________________________
or
# /var/log/dhcpd.log
__________________________________________________________
Mar 17 12:07:56 server dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 00:0c:29:5d:1e:2c via eth0
Mar 17 12:07:56 server dhcpd: DHCPOFFER on 192.168.0.10 to 00:0c:29:5d:1e:2c via eth0
Mar 17 12:07:56 server dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.0.10 (192.168.0.254) from 00:0c:29:5d:1e:2c via eth0
Mar 17 12:07:56 server dhcpd: DHCPNAK on 192.168.0.10 to 00:0c:29:5d:1e:2c via eth0
__________________________________________________________
Note: DHCPD follows the DORA process:
D- Discovery (Client)
O- Offer (Server)
R- Request (Client)
A- Acknowledgement (Server)First Option-
How to Bind Client MAC Address or Provide Particular IP to Client PC...
# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
__________________________________________________________
# Fixed IP addresses can also be specified for hosts. These addresses
# should not also be listed as being available for dynamic assignment.
# Hosts for which fixed IP addresses have been specified can boot using
# BOOTP or DHCP. Hosts for which no fixed address is specified can only
# be booted with DHCP, unless there is an address range on the subnet
# to which a BOOTP client is connected which has the dynamic-bootp flag
# set.
host ashu { ##--> Host Nmae
hardware ethernet 00:0c:29:5d:1e:2c; ##--> Client PC Mac
fixed-address 192.168.0.20; ##--> Defint IP
}
:wq
__________________________________________________________#
service dhcpd restart;chkconfig dhcpd on
Client Side-
# ifdown eth0
# ifup eth0
# ifconfig eth0
Second Option-
How To Bind or Fix IP Address particular Systems or laptop-
For Example-
Suppose Your company in used 500+ above systems and laptops or Other Netwok Device..
like,
200 system Sales Department.
330 System IT Support Team.
150 System Marketing Department.
20 System Acconut and HR Department.
5 System Admin Department.
Etc...
Now You Want to fix IP Address particular Systems or laptop...
When,
You Have already create DHCP Server (and IP Range Define).
But This DHCP Server automatically provide any ip address.
It This Condition IP Trace is Very Difficult..
If you want To Fix Particular system..Fix IP Address.
Then,
How To Fix -
Step-1 Configure DHCP server and define your network rang..
Note-
Check- First Option
How to Configure DHCP Server-
Step-2 open '/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf' file and Edit...
# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
__________________________________________________________
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "ashu.com"; ##--> Change Domain Name
option domain-name-servers server.ashu.com; ##--> Change Domain Name Server
# define lease line
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
authoritative; ##---> Uncoment this line
# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local6;
##--> Note- After DHCPD to log using a different Facility: i.e. 'local6' Because boot message are logged via: 'local7'
##--> Checklog file' # vim /etc/rssyslog.conf
##--> and mentation 'local6.* /var/log/dhcpd.log'
##--> Save boot messages also to boot.log
##--> local7.* /var/log/boot.log
##--> local6.* /var/log/dhcpd.log
#This is a very basic subnet declaration.
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { ##---> Define Your Subnen mask and netmak,
range 192.168.0.5 192.168.0.200; ##---> Define dhcp provide ip Range
#option routers rtr-239-0-1.example.org, rtr-239-0-2.example.org;
}
include "/etc/dhcp/sales.conf";
include "/etc/dhcp/it.conf";
include "/etc/dhcp/hr.conf";
Note- You can also add other department file location like [ include "/etc/dhcp/admin.conf"; ]..
##--> Note- And Coment all line..
#
#
#
#
#
:wq! (Save & Quit)
__________________________________________________________
Step-3 open Particular Department File and Edit, and define particular system mac and ip address...
(1- Sales Team, 2 System Bind Mac Add..)
# vim /etc/dhcp/sales.conf
------------------------------
#
}
host System-1 {
hardware ethernet 20:CF:30:CB:52:76;
fixed-address 192.168.0.20;
}
host System-2 {
hardware ethernet 20:CF:30:CB:53:78;
fixed-address 192.168.0.21;
}
------------------------------
(2- IT Team, 3-System Bind MAC Add...)
# vim /etc/dhcp/it.conf
------------------------------
#
}
host System-1 {
hardware ethernet 20:CF:30:CB:54:79;
fixed-address 192.168.0.30;
}
host System-2 {
hardware ethernet 20:CF:30:CB:55:80;
fixed-address 192.168.0.31;
}
}
host System-3 {
hardware ethernet 20:CF:30:CB:56:81;
fixed-address 192.168.0.32;
}
------------------------------
(3- HR Team, 1-System Bind MAC Add...)
# vim /etc/dhcp/hr.conf
------------------------------
#
}
host System-1 {
hardware ethernet 20:CF:30:CB:61:89;
fixed-address 192.168.0.51;
}
------------------------------
Note- If u want to add more Systems, you can also add more...
Step-4 Restart dhcp Service
# /etc/init.d/dhcpd restart;chkconfig dhcpd on
or
# service dhcpd restart
# chkconfig dhcpd on
Step-5 Now Check Client Side-
1- Remove Static IP Then run 'dhclient' and Check...
# dhclient
# ifconfig
Now Bind Process successfully has been completed...
Features:-
1- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol that automatically assigns TCP/IP information to client machines.
2- Each DHCP client connects to the centrally located DHCP server, which returns the network configuration (including the IP address, gateway, and DNS servers) of that client.
3- DHCP is also useful if you want to change the IP addresses of a large number of systems.
4- Includes all sorts of setting: IPv4, IPv6, DNS, NTP, NIS, Etc.
5- DHCP is an UDP application (UDP:67)
Package- dhcp
Port- 67
Daemon- dhcpd
Script- /etc/init.d/dhcpd
Conf File- /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
Configure DHCP Server-
Step-1 Set Static IP address in dhcp server
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
IP Address- 192.168.0.254
NetMask- 255.255.255.0
Broadcast Address- 255.255.0.255
# ifconfig eth0
Step-2 Install dhcp Package
# yum install dhcp -y
Step-3 Check dhcp Documentation File
# rpm -ql dhcp
/etc/dhcp (Container for DHCPD Configuration)
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf (IPv4 Config)
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf (IPv4 Config)
/var/lib/dhcpd (Container for leases)
/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases (IPv4 leases)
/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd6.leases (IPv6 leases)
Step-4 Configure '/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf' file
# cd /etc/dhcp/
# ls
dhclient.d dhcpd6.conf dhcpd.conf
# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
__________________________________________________________
#
# DHCP server configuration file.
# see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample
# See 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'
#
__________________________________________________________
Now Copy '/dhcpd.conf.sample' file to '/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf'
# cp -rvf /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
Again open '/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf' file
# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
__________________________________________________________
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "ashu.com"; ##--> Change Domain Name
option domain-name-servers server.ashu.com;##--> Change Domain Name Server
# define lease line
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
authoritative; ##---> Uncoment this line
# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local6;
##--> Note- After DHCPD to log using a different Facility: i.e. 'local6' Because boot message are logged via: 'local7'
##--> Checklog file' # vim /etc/rssyslog.conf
##--> and mentation 'local6.* /var/log/dhcpd.log'
##--> Save boot messages also to boot.log
##--> local7.* /var/log/boot.log
##--> local6.* /var/log/dhcpd.log
#This is a very basic subnet declaration.
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { ##---> Define Your Subnen mask and netmak,
range 192.168.0.10 192.168.0.50; ##---> Define dhcp provide ip Range
#option routers rtr-239-0-1.example.org, rtr-239-0-2.example.org;
}
##--> Note- And Coment all line..
#
#
#
#
#
:wq!
__________________________________________________________
Step-5 Restart dhcp Service
# /etc/init.d/dhcpd restart;chkconfig dhcpd on
or
# service dhcpd restart
# chkconfig dhcpd on
Step-6 Check Dhcpd Status
# service dhcpd status
# chkconfig --list dhcpd
dhcpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
DHCP use to assign ip address automaticaly in the netwok system.
Client Side-
1- Remove Static IP Then run 'dhclient' and Check...
# dhclient
# ifconfig
Server Side-
How to Check dhcp lease log file...
# cat /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
__________________________________________________________
# There are show Client information
lease 192.168.0.10 {
starts 5 2014/03/17 12:07:56;
ends 5 2014/03/17 12:17:56;
tstp 5 2014/03/17 12:17:56;
cltt 5 2014/03/17 12:07:56;
binding state free;
hardware ethernet 00:0c:29:5d:1e:2c;
}
__________________________________________________________
or
# /var/log/dhcpd.log
__________________________________________________________
Mar 17 12:07:56 server dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 00:0c:29:5d:1e:2c via eth0
Mar 17 12:07:56 server dhcpd: DHCPOFFER on 192.168.0.10 to 00:0c:29:5d:1e:2c via eth0
Mar 17 12:07:56 server dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.0.10 (192.168.0.254) from 00:0c:29:5d:1e:2c via eth0
Mar 17 12:07:56 server dhcpd: DHCPNAK on 192.168.0.10 to 00:0c:29:5d:1e:2c via eth0
__________________________________________________________
Note: DHCPD follows the DORA process:
D- Discovery (Client)
O- Offer (Server)
R- Request (Client)
A- Acknowledgement (Server)First Option-
How to Bind Client MAC Address or Provide Particular IP to Client PC...
# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
__________________________________________________________
# Fixed IP addresses can also be specified for hosts. These addresses
# should not also be listed as being available for dynamic assignment.
# Hosts for which fixed IP addresses have been specified can boot using
# BOOTP or DHCP. Hosts for which no fixed address is specified can only
# be booted with DHCP, unless there is an address range on the subnet
# to which a BOOTP client is connected which has the dynamic-bootp flag
# set.
host ashu { ##--> Host Nmae
hardware ethernet 00:0c:29:5d:1e:2c; ##--> Client PC Mac
fixed-address 192.168.0.20; ##--> Defint IP
}
:wq
__________________________________________________________#
service dhcpd restart;chkconfig dhcpd on
Client Side-
# ifdown eth0
# ifup eth0
# ifconfig eth0
Second Option-
How To Bind or Fix IP Address particular Systems or laptop-
For Example-
Suppose Your company in used 500+ above systems and laptops or Other Netwok Device..
like,
200 system Sales Department.
330 System IT Support Team.
150 System Marketing Department.
20 System Acconut and HR Department.
5 System Admin Department.
Etc...
Now You Want to fix IP Address particular Systems or laptop...
When,
You Have already create DHCP Server (and IP Range Define).
But This DHCP Server automatically provide any ip address.
It This Condition IP Trace is Very Difficult..
If you want To Fix Particular system..Fix IP Address.
Then,
How To Fix -
Step-1 Configure DHCP server and define your network rang..
Note-
Check- First Option
How to Configure DHCP Server-
Step-2 open '/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf' file and Edit...
# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
__________________________________________________________
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "ashu.com"; ##--> Change Domain Name
option domain-name-servers server.ashu.com; ##--> Change Domain Name Server
# define lease line
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
authoritative; ##---> Uncoment this line
# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local6;
##--> Note- After DHCPD to log using a different Facility: i.e. 'local6' Because boot message are logged via: 'local7'
##--> Checklog file' # vim /etc/rssyslog.conf
##--> and mentation 'local6.* /var/log/dhcpd.log'
##--> Save boot messages also to boot.log
##--> local7.* /var/log/boot.log
##--> local6.* /var/log/dhcpd.log
#This is a very basic subnet declaration.
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { ##---> Define Your Subnen mask and netmak,
range 192.168.0.5 192.168.0.200; ##---> Define dhcp provide ip Range
#option routers rtr-239-0-1.example.org, rtr-239-0-2.example.org;
}
include "/etc/dhcp/sales.conf";
include "/etc/dhcp/it.conf";
include "/etc/dhcp/hr.conf";
Note- You can also add other department file location like [ include "/etc/dhcp/admin.conf"; ]..
##--> Note- And Coment all line..
#
#
#
#
#
:wq! (Save & Quit)
__________________________________________________________
Step-3 open Particular Department File and Edit, and define particular system mac and ip address...
(1- Sales Team, 2 System Bind Mac Add..)
# vim /etc/dhcp/sales.conf
------------------------------
#
}
host System-1 {
hardware ethernet 20:CF:30:CB:52:76;
fixed-address 192.168.0.20;
}
host System-2 {
hardware ethernet 20:CF:30:CB:53:78;
fixed-address 192.168.0.21;
}
------------------------------
(2- IT Team, 3-System Bind MAC Add...)
# vim /etc/dhcp/it.conf
------------------------------
#
}
host System-1 {
hardware ethernet 20:CF:30:CB:54:79;
fixed-address 192.168.0.30;
}
host System-2 {
hardware ethernet 20:CF:30:CB:55:80;
fixed-address 192.168.0.31;
}
}
host System-3 {
hardware ethernet 20:CF:30:CB:56:81;
fixed-address 192.168.0.32;
}
------------------------------
(3- HR Team, 1-System Bind MAC Add...)
# vim /etc/dhcp/hr.conf
------------------------------
#
}
host System-1 {
hardware ethernet 20:CF:30:CB:61:89;
fixed-address 192.168.0.51;
}
------------------------------
Note- If u want to add more Systems, you can also add more...
Step-4 Restart dhcp Service
# /etc/init.d/dhcpd restart;chkconfig dhcpd on
or
# service dhcpd restart
# chkconfig dhcpd on
Step-5 Now Check Client Side-
1- Remove Static IP Then run 'dhclient' and Check...
# dhclient
# ifconfig
Now Bind Process successfully has been completed...
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